Teens and Drinking Essay - 926 Words

Whether it’s potty training, learning to ride a bike, learning to tie shoes, learning to drive a car, getting a first job, etc, how many times in people’s lives do they say â€Å"I’m a big kid now, I can do it all by myself† ? How many times are the previous said whenever the maturity level does not correspond to it? Foundations have to be laid before a person can go out alone. A baby cannot be potty trained before they even know how to walk. A child cannot ride a bike without first learning with training wheels and practice. A person cannot tie their shoes without the concept of making a knot. Though teenagers may say that they are â€Å"a big kid now† and should be allowed to drink they do not understand the concepts of what drinking does to†¦show more content†¦With the influence of alcohol and the pressures of others it could lead to more teen pregnancy which might lead to more abortions or even more children with broken homes and abus e. The rate of suicide will only go up because people will become depressed by the shame of the things they did while under the influence. Teens are flaky and most are not consistent on what they want to do with their lives. They are still discovering who they are and who they want to be. If they drink, it could ruin their whole future in one way or another. Teenagers should not be allowed to drink for they are not experienced with driving and do not know how alcohol will affect them. Some say that since Europe has a low drinking age, the U.S. should follow but the difference between the U.S. and European drinking laws are that Europeans have a higher age for when teens can drive. Teens may be allowed to drink at 14, 15, or even 16 but they are not allowed to get their license until they are 18, teens in America can get their license at 16. If the drinking age was lowered to 18 that gives them only two years experience driving and so they are not aware of what alcohol can do to their systems. American teens are thus much more likely to drive under the influence of alcohol if the drinking age were lowered (ProCon, 2008). States such as Massachusetts, Michigan, and Maine that have lowered that drinking age had an increase in alcohol-related collisions among the 18 toShow MoreRelatedTeen Drinking And Driving921 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 4 *date* Teen drinking and driving Drinking and driving is one of the biggest social issues for teens across the United States. Getting behind the wheel of a vehicle after consuming alcohol is a very dangerous thing no matter what age you are. However, teens do not think about the consequences of drinking and driving until it is already too late. Many things contribute to this growing problem of teen drinking and driving. First, there is a lack of education about drinking and driving in schoolsRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Drinking1450 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem of teen drinking and driving. Currently an approximate of 10,076 people die in drunk driving crashes per year. If positive progress to ceasing this act does not happen, teens will continue to drink and drive putting everybody on the road at risk. Teens who drink and drive put everyone on the road at risk, causing serious crashes that could be preventable. Background of the Problem A major factor contributing to alcohol-related car accidents is binge drinking. Teenage drinking is not legalRead MoreTeen Drinking Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe average American begins drinking at 15 years old, despite the fact that the legal drinking age in the United States is 21 years old. Underage alcohol use is more likely to kill young people than all illicit drugs combined. I believe that raising the drinking age to 25 years old can save many young lives. Affects of Adolescent Drinking Adolescent drinking affects a childs mind, body and future. Adolescence is the between childhood and adulthood. During this time alcohol use may interruptRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On Teens1519 Words   |  7 Pageslook at binge drinking in teens. Binge drinking interested me because so many teenagers drink alcohol when they go out and don’t know what consequences it has on the body. Binge drinking is the consumption of an unreasonable amount of alcohol in a short period of time. I have chosen to research ‘What are the psychological and physiological effects of binge drinking in teens?’. I chose this question because I wanted to inform myself and other teens on the effects of binge drinking. The research methodsRead MoreAlcohol and Teen Drinking Essay552 Words   |  3 Pagesreasons to why teens may drink, not all of which are reasonable but is the truth, from what I know. Teen drinking can also result in very many mishaps that are mostly a terrible consequence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many things can cause teen drinking. One of which could be from lack of parental involvement. If a parent does not involve their time with their teen through schoolwork, friends, work, and/or relationships, that teen may feel the need to turn to alcohol. If that teen feels the needRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Teen Drinking1069 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Dryden-Edwards (2), teenage drinking is widespread, and teenagers believe that it is acceptable. But, teenagers’ bodies are still developing. They fail to realize that consuming alcohol places them in danger  for numerous issues.   Consuming alcohol is more widespread among teenagers than most realize. Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With risingRead MoreAlcohol and Teen Drinking Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pagesand individual financial ruin. I t also is the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken homes. Despite the problems caused to young and old by alcohol, society sends a mixed signal to its youth. The media presents beer drinking with peers as not only acceptable but almost mandatory in order to insure friendship and good times. Wine is presented as a sophisticated and romantic beverage, which is drunk in a setting of dim lights, soft music, and expensive decor. Hard liquorRead MoreTopic On Alcopops And Teen Binge Drinking1338 Words   |  6 Pagesreport I will be discussing the topic on Alcopops and teen binge drinking teen binge drinking. Binge drinking is drinking large amounts of alcohol for the purpose of getting drunk. Teenagers generally do this on a weekend and the drink of choice is the sweet flavoured Alcopops. These drinks come in a variety of cool colour and flavours and are marketed at the younger target group Binge drinking is a widely used term, and is the act of drinking heavily over a short period of time or over several daysRead MoreTeen Drinking and Driving Essay examples1756 Words   |  8 Pages Now-a-days teens watch TV and believe anything they see on television. â€Å"Professional Athletes don’t cause more DUI Fatalities than other American—they just make more headlines (Lake, 2013) EBSCOHOST). So seeing someone famous drinking and then hoping in the car under the influence and beganing to drive with no worries, teens think it is okay. Excuses and false assurance are major reasons teens believe they can drink. People believe they will not get caught and that they have complete controlRead MoreAdolescent, Pre Teen And Under Age Drinking Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent, Pre-Teen and Under Age Drinking Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the serious problems and concerns associated with adolescent, pre-teen and underage drinking. Central Idea: Three things that my audience will learn about adolescent, pre-teen, underage drinking are as follows: Risk Factors that may cause underage alcohol use and abuse, Prevention of underage alcohol use and abuse, and the Benefits of not participating in underage alcohol use and abuse. I. Introduction: CONFUSION†¦FORGETFULLNESS†¦ARGUMENITIVENESS†¦LOSS

Does Size And Growth Of These Two Nations Have Any...

Does size and growth of these two nations have any relation to capitalism and democracy? Democracy and Economic Growth: Is democracy excellent for the economic growth? Democracy is a multifaceted concept, a political structure based ahead the right of citizens to take part in political decision making during representation; whereby simply laws essential to continuing democratic procedures are compulsory standard to terming a state democratic. The free marketplace represents a superlative model of capitalism, since it denotes the most proficient and profitable way of production. In a free market, economic actors are capable of conducting business devoid of political interferences, such as the burden of a minimum wage, or trade in tariffs. Without these limits, economic actors are abridged to a state of clean competition, driving costs downstairs and resulting in senior quality and lower price products. We know that democracies are common among the economically urbanized countries and rare between the very deprived ones. The reason we scrutinize this pattern is not that democracies are more probable to emerge, as a result, of economic development but that they are to a large extent more possible to survive if they occur to emerge in most urbanized countries. The paths to democracy are diverse. Indeed, they appear to follow no unsurprising pattern. But once democracy is conventional, for whatever reasons, its endurance depen ds on a few, easily particular, factors.Show MoreRelatedIncreased Military Spending During the Cold War Brought Stagnation to the Economy1158 Words   |  5 Pagessectors, to boots the growth of the country, and caused low-level of economic development. Brezhnev increased the spending specifically on nuclear materials production plants, compared to weapons. During this time in history both the superpower, USA and Soviet Union had developed nuclear weapons. Soviet Union wanted to limit the possible war with the USA and the two countries came to an agreement on arms limitations in 1972 (IB Guide, 2014). In the period of 1965-1976 the growth of country spendingRead MoreDemocracy And The State Of Economic Development1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe remarkable progress for democracy is being witnessed for the past two decades. The number of democratic political systems has climbed from 44 to 107 since 1972. Over half of the 187 countries in the world today, 58 percent have adopted democ ratic government. To start with, when exactly did modern democracy emerge? Political scientist, Samuel Huntington argues today’s democracies emerged in a series of distinct waves of democratization between 1828 and 1991. Meanwhile, one of the most extensiveRead MoreCoordinated Market Economy17621 Words   |  71 PagesMPIfG Discussion Paper 04/5 Varieties of Capitalism and Institutional Complementarities in the Macroeconomy An Empirical Analysis Peter A. Hall and Daniel W. Gingerich Peter A. Hall is Krupp Foundation Professor of European Studies and the Director of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard University. Daniel W. Gingerich is a Graduate Associate of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and a Ph. D. candidate in the Department of Government at Harvard UniversityRead MoreGlobal Indicator Of Chinese And American Economy2414 Words   |  10 Pageseconomy Chines GDP is $13.983 trillion and US GDP is $18.1 trillion while overall world GDP is $77.609 trillion both to gather contributes nearly 40% to the world so this says that the changes in any of the economy will have a greater impact on the global economy. Currently the best way to calculate the growth of economy is using PPP model (purchasing power of Parity). China PPP is 12608.87 US$ while US is having PPP is 52117.76 US$ which is major gap and this shows though china is having more GDP numberRead MoreGermany : The Economic Leader Of The 17 Nation Eurozone2193 Words   |  9 Pagesthe economic leader of the 17-nation eurozone. Berlin has had a considerably better public debt and fiscal deficit relative to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the most affected eurozone members. The Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, insisted on ‘austerity’ by the affected states, especially worst-case Greece, rather than ‘bailout’ with external help. Thus, resulting in a polarized euro-opinion divided between the ‘austerity’ school and the more populist ‘growth’/bailout school. 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(Need to finish the abstract) 2.0 Introduction The aim of this original piece of research is to contribute to the overall understanding of how financial development effects different sources of economic growth alongside the effectiveness of fiscal policy. In highlighting this research direction, a strong literature review is needed to indicate if any gaps exist. As the topic is well researchedRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 PagesThe Rise of China and the Future of the West Can the Liberal System Survive? By G. John Ikenberry January/February 2008 Summary:   Chinas rise will inevitably bring the United States unipolar moment to an end. But that does not necessarily mean a violent power struggle or the overthrow of the Western system. The U.S.-led international order can remain dominant even while integrating a more powerful China -- but only if Washington sets about strengthening that liberal order now. G. JOHN

Nursing Care for Acute Pulmonary Oedema-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Care for acute Pulmonary Oedema Patient. Answer: Introduction Pulmonary oedema refers to the condition of fluid accumulation in the alveoli of the lungs. Noncardiogenic and cardiogenic pulmonary oedema can occur in humans. Pulmonary oedema can be chronic (occurs slowly) or acute (onset is sudden). The latter is considered as a case of medical emergency and leads to high mortality. Hypoxia and dyspnoea after fluid accumulation in the lungs are the main symptoms (Powell et al. 2016). This fluid accumulation impairs gaseous exchange from the alveoli. This report will elaborate on the case of one such patient, Ms. Foley suffering from the disease and its pathophysiological assessment. The patient is aged 35 years and has been admitted after an accident of a car versus a tree at high speed. She has a history of cardiomyopathy and has multiple fractures in her legs. It will also focus on the nursing (involving interprofessional healthcare model) that needs to be delivered to the patient Discussion Time Oral/enteric intake IV fluids mls/ IN Program Urine/mls 12:00:00 AM NBM compound Total 1:00:00 AM sodium 200 input 100 2:00:00 AM intake 200 3:00:00 AM 1000mls 200 4:00:00 AM 200 5:00:00 AM 200 6:00:00 AM 200 7:00:00 AM 200 8:00:00 AM 200 9:00:00 AM 10:00:00 AM 11:00:00 AM 12:00:00 PM 1:00:00 PM 2:00:00 PM 3:00:00 PM 4:00:00 PM 5:00:00 PM 6:00:00 PM 7:00:00 PM 8:00:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 10:00:00 PM 11:00:00 PM 12:00:00 AM total intake 1600 total 100 output Current Balance Posiitve 1500mls Pevious Balance Positive 1900mls Cumulative Balance Positive 3400mls Table 1: Martha Foley Fluid Balance Chart (UniSA 2017) Analysis and Interpretation of data To assess the hydration status of a patient, doctors use a non-invasive tool, a fluid-balance chart. The fluids were prescribed by surgical trainees on a daily basis. An accurate analysis and interpretation of the chart affects the patients medical outcome. Ms. Foley suffered from cardiomyopathy due to a congenital heart defect. Several studies have demonstrated that small infusion of lactate acts in the form of an energy substrate for the cardiac cells. An intravenous solution of sodium lactate was administered at the rate of 200ml/hr eight times which sum up to 1600mls IV intake in total through the left distal cubical fossa with the aim to improve her cardiac performance. She had nil oral intake during charting. Previous balance based on the chart was positive 1900mls which cumulates to 3500mls intake. The chart also reveals that she gave 100ml straw coloured urine output. Finally, the outcome of the fluid balance was 3400mls positive which indicated Ms. Foley had more fluids inta ke than output. Her respiratory rate increased to 34, blood pressure was normal (100/50), pulse increased to 120bpm and oxygen saturation was around 92% on RA which indicates Ms. Foley is dyspnoeic and shortness of breath. Table 2: Martha Foley OBS Chart (UniSA 2017) Pathophysiology Acute pulmonary oedema is a common cause of patient death in critical care. It leads to cardiac arrest, hypoxia and respiratory disorders which prove fatal for the patient. The main factor that leads to this condition is fluid loss from pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli and pulmonary interstitium. When the heart fails to pump blood efficiently, there is an increase in blood pressure in the vessels (Pinto et al. 2014). This forces the fluid into the alveoli or air spaces of the lungs. The entry of this fluid reduces the movement of oxygen in the lungs. This leads to hypoxia, or shortness of breath. Thus, pulmonary oedema occurs due to congestive heart failure. This heart failure may be the result of narrowing of the aortic or mitral valves of the heart, history of cardiomyopathy and hypertension (More 2015). Pulmonary oedema is categorized into two types: cardiogenic (when the heart is unable to pump blood due to arrhythmia, left ventricular failure or renal failure) and non-card iogenic (occurs due to pressure in the chest that ruptures the capillaries, seizures, electrocution or head trauma can also be responsible). Pulmonary oedema can also result due to lung injury. The ALI-ARDS (acute lung injury- acute respiratory distress syndrome) encompasses some of the cases that result in such lung injury. It can occur due to aspiration, pulmonary contusion, inhalation of toxic gases, lung transplantation or local/systemic inflammation. Some of the most common symptoms of pulmonary oedema include: Orthopnea (breathing difficulty while lying down), coughing up bloody froth, speaking problems due to shortness of breath (Bahloul et al. 2013), wheezing or grunting sounds during breathing, reduced alertness, anxiety, swelling in legs and abdomen and pale skin Nursing care needed Improvement of oxygenation and reduction of pulmonary congestion should be the primary treatment objectives. The precipitation factors and underlying causes should be identified and rectified to prevent recurrence of the disease (Al Deeb et al. 2014). The treatment of pulmonary oedema depends on its underlying pathology. A number of interventions are available that change the fluid shifts inside the lungs. A reduction in the air-filled lung space impairs gaseous exchange in the lungs. The first step is to add or supplement the oxygen concentration by a non-rebreathing mask with a 10-15 litres/minute reservoir. The patient should be kept in upright Fowlers position. This is a standard patient position and is used as an intervention to promote oxygenation. It maximizes chest expansion and facilitates relaxation of abdominal muscles. This leads to improved breathing (Purvey Allen 2017). Pulmonary oedema causes distress in the patients and they require reassurance and support. The keys of treatment to dysponea are Morphine, Oxygen, Aminophylline, diuretic, Digitalis and Arterial blood gases (ABG)Oxygen delivery is one of the primary treatment procedures. To keep the saturation of oxygen more than 90%, it should be administered to the patient. Oxygen delivery methods include use of non-invasive pressure support ventilation, mechanical ventilation and intubation (Chioncel et al. 2015). The non-invasive method includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). Depending on the level of consciousness of the patient, hypoxemia or mental status of the patient, mechanical ventilation and intubation is performed. Medical treatment focuses on preload reduction (lowering the pulmonary venous return), after load reduction (lowering of systemic vascular resistance) and inotropic support (Frat et al. 2015). Oxygenation for a breathless patient without hypoxaemia masks clinical deterioration and delays treatment procedures. Different oxygen delivery devices are used for oxygen titration. They include 4l/minute via nasal cannulae, 15l/minute via non rebreather reservoir, 5-10/minute via masks. Patients who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease need target saturation of oxygen at 88-92%. Venturi masks with 28% inspired oxygen saturation are recommended for those patients. Morphine is used for treatment owing to their power of reducing dysponea. In addition to venodialation, it leads to preload reduction and venous pooling. It also reduces anxiety and distress, which is associated with dyspnoea. However, morphine has some adverse effects on the central nervous system and the respiratory system. These effects include hypotension and reduction of cardiac output. It has also been associated with intensive care admissions, increased incidence of mechanical ventilation and mortality (Ellingsrud Agewall 2016). Therefore, low doses of morphine are used to treat non invasive ventilation but the patient should be continuously monitored for sedation and blood pressure should also be measured at regular intervals. Aminophyline is a derivative of the theophylline bronchodilator. It is present in the ratio of 2:1 with ethylenediamine. It is mainly used to treat obstruction in the airway. It is used to treat pulmonary oedema owing to its role as a cardiac stimulant. It has inotropic effect (Xu 2015). Digitalis is used to treat the condition because it increases blood flow throughout the body. It increases the force of heartbeat by elevating the calcium levels in the heart. It binds to the potassium and sodium receptors in the muscles and these receptors control calcium levels in the heart. Build-up of calcium in the cells leads to production of a strong heartbeat. However, there are some adverse effects like headache, hypotension and ventricular dysrhythmia (Gable et al. 2014). The patients response to therapy, cardiac status and the lung fields should be re-evaluated. Diuretics are considered the mainstay of treatment in case of pulmonary oedema with frusemide being the widely used drug. Furosemide increases water excretion owing to its property of interfering with chloride-binding cotransport system. It inhibits chloride and sodium reabsorption in the distal renal tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Furosemide leads to preload reduction in 20-60 minutes. It contributes to preload reduction by a vasoactive mechanism. It is mainly used in patients with total body fluid overload and helps the body to get rid of excess amount of water and salts.It is available in the brand name of Lasix. It lowers blood pressure. It also leads to reduction in potassium levels. High furosemide doses can reduce thyroid levels in the blood (Katz 2016). There should be a constant check on lowering of blood pressure, increasing heart rate and reduction in urinary output. Electrolyte levels should also be measured continuously as there can be significant loss o f potassium from the blood. Arterial blood gases (ABG) monitor or measure the lung diseases and to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen delivery methods. These blood gases are also used to test for acid-base imbalance and check the partial pressure of oxygen in a patient (Wagner 2015). This part of the report will focus on the inter-professional model of health care required for the patient. Interprofessional teams are best suited to address complicated medical issues. It includes a team comprising of professionals from different groups and disciplines who work together to provide best care facility to a particular patient (as shown in Figure 1). Many health caregivers work in collaboration and deliver quality, effective and safe care to meet the needs of the patient. Interprofessional healthcare teams include paramedic, pharmacist, physician, hospitalist, social work, nurses, and nurse practitioner (Source- Libguides.gwumc.edu 2017). When health workers from various professional backgrounds offer comprehensive services to the patients by working together with caregivers, families and communities, it results in successful collaborative practice (Bookey-Bassett et al. 2017). This is purely based upon interprofessional education, the primary aim of which is to enhance health outcomes. Interprofessional model is based on different domains: Responsibilities and roles- One should have proper knowledge about ones role and about the role of other profession and utilize it efficiently to address the needs of the patient; Ethics in Interprofessional practice- Mutual respect creates a comfortable environment for collaborative work with people from other profession; Teamwork- Team dynamics and healthy relationships help team members to deliver timely, safe, efficient and equitable patient-centered care; Process improvement- these are used to improve team-based programs, services and policies and the overall team performance (Thompson 2016). There are various strategies used to enhance interprofessional healthcare, which contribute to maximum client satisfaction and help in reducing mortality, improve disability, decrease number of admissions and create family satisfaction. The strategies are: Organizing case conferences and team meetings, collaborative leadership, multidisciplinary approach to staff education, self assessment using audits and care expertise, mortality rounds and morbidity Certain nurse practitioner standards should be followed to treat Ms. Foley. A nurse practitioner engages in critical and complex thinking and integrated evidence and clinical information and communicates with all people involved with the patient to provide focussed care. The nursing regulatory standards are accessible to governments, nursing practitioners, healthcare professionals and community (Matziou et al. 2014). The standard focuses on four domains, which are education, clinical, leadership and research. The knowledge that a nurse acquires in leadership, education and research are utilized in their clinical role. Figure 2- Regulatory nurse standard practices (Source- Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2017) These nursing regulatory standards help registered nurses to demonstrate competence in providing care to the patient. The different nurse practicing standards (as shown in Figure 2) are enlisted below: Diagnostic capability assessment Extensive knowledge of health assessment along with skills that help in obtaining accurate and appropriate data should be demonstrated; The complex healthcare requirements of the patient should be assessed by keeping a check on the medical history. The effects of pathology and co-morbidity impacts should also be assessed (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2017); The nurse should demonstrate comprehensive skills in physical, mental and social examination of the patient; The medical history of the patient, physical findings and prior treatment results should be used to identify any health abnormalities; Clinical decisions should be supported by research and clinical evidence (Matziou et al. 2014); Cost, accountability and clinical efficacy of the patient must be considered while making any diagnostic decisions; Effective communication skills should be used to inform the patent and related healthcare providers about the findings of the assessment; A sound knowledge on the epidemiology, behav iour, pathophysiology, risks and demographics of the disease should be used. Care planning and engaging others Critical evaluation and integration of research findings while making healthcare decisions and ethically exploring different therapeutic options; Taking informed consent from the patient while respecting her rights and ensuring access to accurate information; Identifying needs for educating people about ongoing care facilities; Communicating individual care plan to family members and developing a partnership with the patient to determine medical goals (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2017); Comprehensive knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacology should be applied to practice. Prescribing and implementing therapeutic interventions Sharing medical knowledge with patient and contributing to health literacy; Prescribing therapeutic interventions by applying knowledge of the concurrent therapies of the patient (Purvey and Allen 2017); Demonstrating professional integrity and maintaining ethical conduct; Effectively performing invasive or non-invasive intervention procedures for clinically managing the illness; Educating and counselling the patient on the benefits, side effects and importance of the therapeutic procedures and the follow up (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2017); Advocating for improvement in health care access and disclosing the adverse effects to the patient and related team members to mitigate any form of harm. Evaluating outcome and improving practice Evaluating the documents and interventions related to the patient and her prognosis; Considering a plan for modifying her treatment by proper consultation with the patient and the other health members (Thompson 2016); Measuring the efficacy of the services and strategies in promoting safe practice; Demonstrating leadership in evaluation of the services that are being promoted for safe healthcare and prevention of illness; Influencing health, age care policies and nursing practices through active participation and leadership at the workplace. The development of interprofessional healthcare model focuses on expanding the role of nonphysicians involved in providing healthcare. These health reforms help nonphysician providers like registered nurses, nurse specialists, nurse midwives and physician assistants to note down medical history of the patient, perform mental and physical examination and provide injury management in case of chronic illness (like the case stated in this report). Earlier, nonphysicians faced several obstacles that prevented them from being a part and sharing information linked to medical care practices (Wagner 2015). The interprofessional model helps in introduction and utilization of reforms that enables inclusion of nurse practitioners in coordinating healthcare programs and controlling the costs of treatment. Thus, the conceptual model of interprofessional healthcare services provides exemplary care to the patient in a healthy environment. It results from synergy among the team members who exhibit th eir expertise in effective functioning of the team. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that the patient, Ms. Foley has been diagnosed with acute pulmonary oedema and she is under medication at the healthcare centre. Her health condition is being constantly monitored after she got admitted following an accident. The illness is manifesting itself in the form of shortness of breath, a decrease in oxygen saturation and increase in respiratory rate. When the nurse made her sit in Fowlers position, the recurring problem of orthopnea disappeared. Her medical reports suggest a positive fluid balance. Her nursing reports suggest that she has been under a medication of 40mg IV frusemide for preload reduction and to increase water retention. However, some adverse effects like hypotension and tachycardia are also observed. The report also concludes by stating the necessary interprofessional healthcare models that can be adopted by nurse practitioners following certain regulatory standards to provide effective treatment in this scenario. References Al Deeb, M., Barbic, S., Featherstone, R., Dankoff, J. Barbic, D 2014, Point?of?care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients presenting with acute dyspnea: a systematic review and meta?Academic Emergency Medicine,21(8), pp.843-852. Bahloul, M., Chaari, A., Dammak, H., Samet, M., Chtara, K., Chelly, H., Hamida, C.B., Kallel, H. Bouaziz, M 2013, Pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.International journal of cardiology,162(2), pp.86-91. Bookey-Bassett, S., Markle-Reid, M., Mckey, C.A. Akhtar-Danesh, N 2017, Understanding interprofessional collaboration in the context of chronic disease management for older adults living in communities: a concept analysis.Journal of advanced nursing,73(1), pp.71-84. Chioncel, O., Collins, S.P., Ambrosy, A.P., Gheorghiade, M. Filippatos, G 2015, Pulmonary OedemaTherapeutic Targets.Cardiac Failure Review,1(1), p.38. Ellingsrud, C. Agewall, S, 2016, Morphine in the treatment of acute pulmonary oedemawhy?.International journal of cardiology,202, pp.870-873. Frat, J.P., Thille, A.W., Mercat, A., Girault, C., Ragot, S., Perbet, S., Prat, G., Boulain, T., Morawiec, E., Cottereau, A. and Devaquet, J 2015, High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.New England Journal of Medicine,372(23), pp.2185-2196. Gable, M.E., Abdallah, S.L., Najjar, S.M., Liu, L. and Askari, A 2014, Digitalis-induced cell signaling by the sodium pump: on the relation of Src to Na+/K+-ATPase.Biochemical and biophysical research communications,446(4), pp.1151-1154. Katz, A 2016, Photo of the Day: Rethinking Furosemide in Acute Pulmonary Edema.Emergency Medicine News. gwumc.edu 2017,Research Guides: Interprofessional Education: Getting Started, Accessed 14 August 2017, https://libguides.gwumc.edu/interprofessional. Matziou, V., Vlahioti, E., Perdikaris, P., Matziou, T., Megapanou, E. and Petsios, K 2014, Physician and nursing perceptions concerning interprofessional communication and collaboration.Journal of interprofessional care,28(6), pp.526-533. More, P.G 2015, Pulmonary oedema: case report.Reactions,1558, pp.140-4. gov.au 2017, Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice, Accessed 16 August 2017, https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx. Pinto, K., Kociol, R., Colucci, W.S. and Yeon, S.B 2014, Pathophysiology of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Powell, J., Graham, D., OReilly, S. and Punton, G 2016, Acute pulmonary oedema.Nursing Standard,30(23), pp.51-60. Purvey, M. and Allen, G 2017, Managing acute pulmonary oedema.Australian prescriber,40(2), p.59. Thompson, M 2016, Pulmonary oedema: A CPD article improved Monica Thompsons knowledge of the assessment and management of acute pulmonary oedema.Nursing Standard,31(14), pp.64-65. Wagner, P.D 2015, The physiological basis of pulmonary gas exchange: implications for clinical interpretation of arterial blood gases.European Respiratory Journal,45(1), pp.227-243. Xu, Q 2015, Observation of efficacy of small dose of aminophylline combined with budesonide on improvement of lung function and exercising tolerance of patients with COPD.Evaluation and Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China,15(8), pp.996-998.